CS Principles 2018 Standards Alignment

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2011)

CI - Community, Global, and Ethical Impacts

CI.L3B:2 - Analyze the beneficial and harmful effects of computing innovations.
CI.L3B:4 - Summarize how computation has revolutionized the way people build real and virtual organizations and infrastructures.

Computer Science Principles

7.1 - Computing enhances communication, interaction, and cognition.

7.1.1 - Explain how computing innovations affect communication, interaction, and cognition. [P4]

7.1.1A - Email, short message service (SMS), and chat have fostered new ways to communicate and collaborate.
7.1.1B - Video conferencing and video chat have fostered new ways to communicate and collaborate.
7.1.1C - Social media continues to evolve and foster new ways to communicate.
7.1.1D - Cloud computing fosters new ways to communicate and collaborate.
7.1.1E - Widespread access to information facilitates the identification of problems, development of solutions, and dissemination of results.
7.1.1F - Public data provides widespread access and enables solutions to identified problems.
7.1.1G - Search trends are predictors.
7.1.1H - Social media, such as blogs and Twitter, have enhanced dissemination.
7.1.1I - Global Positioning System (GPS) and related technologies have changed how humans travel, navigate, and find information related to geolocation.
7.1.1J - Sensor networks facilitate new ways of interacting with the environment and with physical systems.
7.1.1K - Smart grids, smart buildings, and smart transportation are changing and facilitating human capabilities.
7.1.1L - Computing contributes to many assistive technologies that enhance human capabilities.
7.1.1M - The Internet and the Web have enhanced methods of and opportunities for communication and collaboration.
7.1.1N - The Internet and the Web have changed many areas, including ecommerce, health care, access to information and entertainment, and online learning.
7.1.1O - The Internet and the Web have impacted productivity, positively and negatively, in many areas.

7.2 - Computing enables innovation in nearly every field.

7.2.1 - Explain how computing has impacted innovations in other fields. [P1]

7.2.1A - Machine learning and data mining have enabled innovation in medicine, business, and science.
7.2.1B - Scientific computing has enabled innovation in science and business.
7.2.1C - Computing enables innovation by providing access to and sharing of information.
7.2.1G - Advances in computing as an enabling technology have generated and increased the creativity in other fields.

7.3 - Computing has a global affect -- both beneficial and harmful -- on people and society.

7.3.1 - Analyze the beneficial and harmful effects of computing. [P4]

7.3.1A - Innovations enabled by computing raise legal and ethical concerns.
7.3.1B - Commercial access to music and movie downloads and streaming raises legal and ethical concerns.
7.3.1C - Access to digital content via peer to peer networks raises legal and ethical concerns.
7.3.1D - Both authenticated and anonymous access to digital information raise legal and ethical concerns.
7.3.1E - Commercial and governmental censorship of digital information raise legal and ethical concerns.
7.3.1G - Privacy and security concerns arise in the development and use of computational systems and artifacts.
7.3.1H - Aggregation of information, such as geolocation, cookies, and browsing history, raises privacy and security concerns.
7.3.1I - Anonymity in online interactions can be enabled through the use of online anonymity software and proxy servers.
7.3.1J - Technology enables the collection, use, and exploitation of information about, by, and for individuals, groups, and institutions.
7.3.1K - People can have instant access to vast amounts of information online; accessing this information can enable the collection of both individual and aggregate data that can be used and collected.
7.3.1L - Commercial and governmental curation of information may be exploited if privacy and other protections are ignored.
7.3.1M - Targeted advertising is used to help individuals, but it can be misused at both individual and aggregate levels.
7.3.1N - Widespread access to digitized information raises questions about intellectual property.
7.3.1O - Creation of digital audio, video, and textual content by combining existing content has been impacted by copyright concerns.

7.4 - Computing innovations influence and are influenced by the economic, social, and cultural contexts in which they are designed and used.

7.4.1 - Explain the connections between computing and economic, social, and cultural contexts. [P1]

7.4.1A - The innovation and impact of social media and online access is different in different countries and in different socioeconomic groups.
7.4.1B - Mobile, wireless, and networked computing have an impact on innovation throughout the world.
7.4.1C - The global distribution of computing resources raises issues of equity, access, and power.
7.4.1D - Groups and individuals are affected by the â€œdigital divideâ€ â€” differing access to computing and the Internet based on socioeconomic or geographic characteristics.

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

IC - Impacts of Computing

3B-IC-27 - Predict how computational innovations that have revolutionized aspects of our culture might evolve.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2011)

CL - Collaboration

CL.L2:3 - Collaborate with peers, experts and others using collaborative practices such as pair programming, working in project teams and participating in-group active learning activities.
CL.L2:4 - Exhibit dispositions necessary for collaboration: providing useful feedback, integrating feedback, understanding and accepting multiple perspectives, socialization.

CT - Computational Thinking

CT.L2:7 - Represent data in a variety of ways including text, sounds, pictures and numbers.
CT.L2:8 - Use visual representations of problem states, structures and data (e.g., graphs, charts, network diagrams, flowcharts).

Computer Science Principles

2.1 - A variety of abstractions built upon binary sequences can be used to represent all digital data.

2.1.1 - Describe the variety of abstractions used to represent data. [P3]

2.1.1A - Digital data is represented by abstractions at different levels.
2.1.1B - At the lowest level, all digital data are represented by bits.
2.1.1C - At a higher level, bits are grouped to represent abstractions, including but not limited to numbers, characters, and color.
2.1.1E - At one of the lowest levels of abstraction, digital data is represented in binary (base 2) using only combinations of the digits zero and one.

2.1.2 - Explain how binary sequences are used to represent digital data. [P5]

2.1.2D - The interpretation of a binary sequence depends on how it is used.
2.1.2E - A sequence of bits may represent instructions or data.
2.1.2F - A sequence of bits may represent different types of data in different contexts.

3.3 - There are trade offs when representing information as digital data.

3.3.1 - Analyze how data representation, storage, security, and transmission of data involve computational manipulation of information. [P4]

3.3.1A - Digital data representations involve trade offs related to storage, security, and privacy concerns.
3.3.1B - Security concerns engender tradeoffs in storing and transmitting information.

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

3A-AP-21 - Evaluate and refine computational artifacts to make them more usable and accessible.

DA - Data & Analysis

2-DA-07 - Represent data using multiple encoding schemes.
3A-DA-09 - Translate between different bit representations of real-world phenomena, such as characters, numbers, and images.

NI - Networks & the Internet

2-NI-04 - Model the role of protocols in transmitting data across networks and the Internet.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2011)

CL - Collaboration

CL.L2:3 - Collaborate with peers, experts and others using collaborative practices such as pair programming, working in project teams and participating in-group active learning activities.
CL.L2:4 - Exhibit dispositions necessary for collaboration: providing useful feedback, integrating feedback, understanding and accepting multiple perspectives, socialization.

CT - Computational Thinking

CT.L2:7 - Represent data in a variety of ways including text, sounds, pictures and numbers.
CT.L2:8 - Use visual representations of problem states, structures and data (e.g., graphs, charts, network diagrams, flowcharts).
CT.L2:9 - Interact with content-specific models and simulations (e.g., ecosystems, epidemics, molecular dynamics) to support learning and research.

Computer Science Principles

2.1 - A variety of abstractions built upon binary sequences can be used to represent all digital data.

2.1.1 - Describe the variety of abstractions used to represent data. [P3]

2.1.1A - Digital data is represented by abstractions at different levels.
2.1.1B - At the lowest level, all digital data are represented by bits.
2.1.1C - At a higher level, bits are grouped to represent abstractions, including but not limited to numbers, characters, and color.
2.1.1E - At one of the lowest levels of abstraction, digital data is represented in binary (base 2) using only combinations of the digits zero and one.

2.1.2 - Explain how binary sequences are used to represent digital data. [P5]

2.1.2D - The interpretation of a binary sequence depends on how it is used.
2.1.2E - A sequence of bits may represent instructions or data.
2.1.2F - A sequence of bits may represent different types of data in different contexts.

2.3 - Models and simulations use abstraction to generate new understanding and knowledge.

2.3.1 - Use models and simulations to represent phenomena. [P3]

2.3.1A - Models and simulations are simplified representations of more complex objects or phenomena.
2.3.1B - Models may use different abstractions or levels of abstraction depending on the objects or phenomena being posed.
2.3.1C - Models often omit unnecessary features of the objects or phenomena that are being modeled.
2.3.1D - Simulations mimic real world events without the cost or danger of building and testing the phenomena in the real world.

2.3.2 - Use models and simulations to formulate, refine, and test hypotheses. [P3]

2.3.2A - Models and simulations facilitate the formulation and refinement of hypotheses related to the objects or phenomena under consideration.

3.1 - People use computer programs to process information to gain insight and knowledge.

3.1.3 - Explain the insight and knowledge gained from digitally processed data by using appropriate visualizations, notations, and precise language. [P5]

3.1.3A - Visualization tools and software can communicate information about data.

3.3 - There are trade offs when representing information as digital data.

3.3.1 - Analyze how data representation, storage, security, and transmission of data involve computational manipulation of information. [P4]

3.3.1A - Digital data representations involve trade offs related to storage, security, and privacy concerns.
3.3.1B - Security concerns engender tradeoffs in storing and transmitting information.

6.1 - The Internet is a network of autonomous systems.

6.1.1 - Explain the abstractions in the Internet and how the Internet functions. [P3]

6.1.1A - The Internet connects devices and networks all over the world.
6.1.1C - Devices and networks that make up the Internet are connected and communicate using addresses and protocols.

6.2 - Characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it.

6.2.2 - Explain how the characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it. [P4]

6.2.2D - Interfaces and protocols enable widespread use of the Internet.
6.2.2J - The bandwidth of a system is a measure of bit rate â€” the amount of data (measured in bits) that can be sent in a fixed amount of time.
6.2.2K - The latency of a system is the time elapsed between the transmission and the receipt of a request.

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

3A-AP-21 - Evaluate and refine computational artifacts to make them more usable and accessible.

DA - Data & Analysis

3A-DA-09 - Translate between different bit representations of real-world phenomena, such as characters, numbers, and images.

NI - Networks & the Internet

2-NI-04 - Model the role of protocols in transmitting data across networks and the Internet.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2011)

CT - Computational Thinking

CT.L2:14 - Examine connections between elements of mathematics and computer science including binary numbers, logic, sets and functions.
CT.L2:7 - Represent data in a variety of ways including text, sounds, pictures and numbers.
CT.L2:8 - Use visual representations of problem states, structures and data (e.g., graphs, charts, network diagrams, flowcharts).
CT.L2:9 - Interact with content-specific models and simulations (e.g., ecosystems, epidemics, molecular dynamics) to support learning and research.

Computer Science Principles

2.1 - A variety of abstractions built upon binary sequences can be used to represent all digital data.

2.1.1 - Describe the variety of abstractions used to represent data. [P3]

2.1.1A - Digital data is represented by abstractions at different levels.
2.1.1B - At the lowest level, all digital data are represented by bits.
2.1.1C - At a higher level, bits are grouped to represent abstractions, including but not limited to numbers, characters, and color.
2.1.1D - Number bases, including binary, decimal, and hexadecimal, are used to represent and investigate digital data.
2.1.1E - At one of the lowest levels of abstraction, digital data is represented in binary (base 2) using only combinations of the digits zero and one.

2.3 - Models and simulations use abstraction to generate new understanding and knowledge.

2.3.1 - Use models and simulations to represent phenomena. [P3]

2.3.1A - Models and simulations are simplified representations of more complex objects or phenomena.
2.3.1B - Models may use different abstractions or levels of abstraction depending on the objects or phenomena being posed.

2.3.2 - Use models and simulations to formulate, refine, and test hypotheses. [P3]

2.3.2A - Models and simulations facilitate the formulation and refinement of hypotheses related to the objects or phenomena under consideration.
2.3.2B - Hypotheses are formulated to explain the objects or phenomena being modeled.
2.3.2C - Hypotheses are refined by examining the insights that models and simulations provide into the objects or phenomena.

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

DA - Data & Analysis

3A-DA-09 - Translate between different bit representations of real-world phenomena, such as characters, numbers, and images.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2011)

CT - Computational Thinking

CT.L2:14 - Examine connections between elements of mathematics and computer science including binary numbers, logic, sets and functions.
CT.L2:7 - Represent data in a variety of ways including text, sounds, pictures and numbers.
CT.L2:8 - Use visual representations of problem states, structures and data (e.g., graphs, charts, network diagrams, flowcharts).
CT.L2:9 - Interact with content-specific models and simulations (e.g., ecosystems, epidemics, molecular dynamics) to support learning and research.

Computer Science Principles

2.1 - A variety of abstractions built upon binary sequences can be used to represent all digital data.

2.1.1 - Describe the variety of abstractions used to represent data. [P3]

2.1.1A - Digital data is represented by abstractions at different levels.
2.1.1B - At the lowest level, all digital data are represented by bits.
2.1.1C - At a higher level, bits are grouped to represent abstractions, including but not limited to numbers, characters, and color.
2.1.1D - Number bases, including binary, decimal, and hexadecimal, are used to represent and investigate digital data.
2.1.1E - At one of the lowest levels of abstraction, digital data is represented in binary (base 2) using only combinations of the digits zero and one.
2.1.1G - Numbers can be converted from any base to any other base.

2.1.2 - Explain how binary sequences are used to represent digital data. [P5]

2.1.2A - A finite representation is used to model the infinite mathematical concept of a number.
2.1.2B - In many programming languages, the fixed number of bits used to represent characters or integers limits the range of integer values and mathematical operations; this limitation can result in overflow or other errors.
2.1.2C - In many programming languages, the fixed number of bits used to represent real numbers (as floating point numbers) limits the range of floating point values and mathematical operations; this limitation can result in round
2.1.2D - The interpretation of a binary sequence depends on how it is used.
2.1.2E - A sequence of bits may represent instructions or data.
2.1.2F - A sequence of bits may represent different types of data in different contexts.

2.3 - Models and simulations use abstraction to generate new understanding and knowledge.

2.3.1 - Use models and simulations to represent phenomena. [P3]

2.3.1A - Models and simulations are simplified representations of more complex objects or phenomena.
2.3.1B - Models may use different abstractions or levels of abstraction depending on the objects or phenomena being posed.
2.3.1C - Models often omit unnecessary features of the objects or phenomena that are being modeled.
2.3.1D - Simulations mimic real world events without the cost or danger of building and testing the phenomena in the real world.

2.3.2 - Use models and simulations to formulate, refine, and test hypotheses. [P3]

2.3.2A - Models and simulations facilitate the formulation and refinement of hypotheses related to the objects or phenomena under consideration.
2.3.2B - Hypotheses are formulated to explain the objects or phenomena being modeled.
2.3.2C - Hypotheses are refined by examining the insights that models and simulations provide into the objects or phenomena.
2.3.2D - The results of simulations may generate new knowledge and new hypotheses related to the phenomena being modeled.
2.3.2E - Simulations allow hypotheses to be tested without the constraints of the real world.

3.1 - People use computer programs to process information to gain insight and knowledge.

3.1.3 - Explain the insight and knowledge gained from digitally processed data by using appropriate visualizations, notations, and precise language. [P5]

3.1.3A - Visualization tools and software can communicate information about data.
3.1.3B - Tables, diagrams, and textual displays can be used in communicating insight and knowledge gained from data.

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

DA - Data & Analysis

3A-DA-09 - Translate between different bit representations of real-world phenomena, such as characters, numbers, and images.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2011)

CT - Computational Thinking

CT.L2:14 - Examine connections between elements of mathematics and computer science including binary numbers, logic, sets and functions.
CT.L2:7 - Represent data in a variety of ways including text, sounds, pictures and numbers.
CT.L2:8 - Use visual representations of problem states, structures and data (e.g., graphs, charts, network diagrams, flowcharts).
CT.L2:9 - Interact with content-specific models and simulations (e.g., ecosystems, epidemics, molecular dynamics) to support learning and research.

Computer Science Principles

2.1 - A variety of abstractions built upon binary sequences can be used to represent all digital data.

2.1.1 - Describe the variety of abstractions used to represent data. [P3]

2.1.1A - Digital data is represented by abstractions at different levels.
2.1.1B - At the lowest level, all digital data are represented by bits.
2.1.1C - At a higher level, bits are grouped to represent abstractions, including but not limited to numbers, characters, and color.
2.1.1D - Number bases, including binary, decimal, and hexadecimal, are used to represent and investigate digital data.
2.1.1E - At one of the lowest levels of abstraction, digital data is represented in binary (base 2) using only combinations of the digits zero and one.
2.1.1G - Numbers can be converted from any base to any other base.

2.1.2 - Explain how binary sequences are used to represent digital data. [P5]

2.1.2A - A finite representation is used to model the infinite mathematical concept of a number.
2.1.2B - In many programming languages, the fixed number of bits used to represent characters or integers limits the range of integer values and mathematical operations; this limitation can result in overflow or other errors.
2.1.2C - In many programming languages, the fixed number of bits used to represent real numbers (as floating point numbers) limits the range of floating point values and mathematical operations; this limitation can result in round
2.1.2D - The interpretation of a binary sequence depends on how it is used.
2.1.2E - A sequence of bits may represent instructions or data.
2.1.2F - A sequence of bits may represent different types of data in different contexts.

2.3 - Models and simulations use abstraction to generate new understanding and knowledge.

2.3.1 - Use models and simulations to represent phenomena. [P3]

2.3.1A - Models and simulations are simplified representations of more complex objects or phenomena.
2.3.1B - Models may use different abstractions or levels of abstraction depending on the objects or phenomena being posed.
2.3.1C - Models often omit unnecessary features of the objects or phenomena that are being modeled.
2.3.1D - Simulations mimic real world events without the cost or danger of building and testing the phenomena in the real world.

2.3.2 - Use models and simulations to formulate, refine, and test hypotheses. [P3]

2.3.2A - Models and simulations facilitate the formulation and refinement of hypotheses related to the objects or phenomena under consideration.
2.3.2B - Hypotheses are formulated to explain the objects or phenomena being modeled.
2.3.2C - Hypotheses are refined by examining the insights that models and simulations provide into the objects or phenomena.
2.3.2D - The results of simulations may generate new knowledge and new hypotheses related to the phenomena being modeled.
2.3.2E - Simulations allow hypotheses to be tested without the constraints of the real world.

3.1 - People use computer programs to process information to gain insight and knowledge.

3.1.3 - Explain the insight and knowledge gained from digitally processed data by using appropriate visualizations, notations, and precise language. [P5]

3.1.3A - Visualization tools and software can communicate information about data.
3.1.3B - Tables, diagrams, and textual displays can be used in communicating insight and knowledge gained from data.
3.1.3D - Transforming information can be effective in communicating knowledge gained from data.
3.1.3E - Interactivity with data is an aspect of communicating.

6.2 - Characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it.

6.2.2 - Explain how the characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it. [P4]

6.2.2D - Interfaces and protocols enable widespread use of the Internet.
6.2.2G - Standards for packets and routing include transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP).
6.2.2H - Standards for sharing information and communicating between browsers and servers on the Web include HTTP and secure sockets layer/transport layer security (SSL/TLS).

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

3A-AP-21 - Evaluate and refine computational artifacts to make them more usable and accessible.

DA - Data & Analysis

3A-DA-09 - Translate between different bit representations of real-world phenomena, such as characters, numbers, and images.

NI - Networks & the Internet

2-NI-04 - Model the role of protocols in transmitting data across networks and the Internet.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2011)

CL - Collaboration

CL.L2:3 - Collaborate with peers, experts and others using collaborative practices such as pair programming, working in project teams and participating in-group active learning activities.

CT - Computational Thinking

CT.L2:14 - Examine connections between elements of mathematics and computer science including binary numbers, logic, sets and functions.
CT.L2:7 - Represent data in a variety of ways including text, sounds, pictures and numbers.
CT.L3A:6 - Analyze the representation and trade-offs among various forms of digital information.

Computer Science Principles

2.1 - A variety of abstractions built upon binary sequences can be used to represent all digital data.

2.1.1 - Describe the variety of abstractions used to represent data. [P3]

2.1.1A - Digital data is represented by abstractions at different levels.
2.1.1B - At the lowest level, all digital data are represented by bits.
2.1.1C - At a higher level, bits are grouped to represent abstractions, including but not limited to numbers, characters, and color.
2.1.1D - Number bases, including binary, decimal, and hexadecimal, are used to represent and investigate digital data.
2.1.1E - At one of the lowest levels of abstraction, digital data is represented in binary (base 2) using only combinations of the digits zero and one.

2.1.2 - Explain how binary sequences are used to represent digital data. [P5]

2.1.2B - In many programming languages, the fixed number of bits used to represent characters or integers limits the range of integer values and mathematical operations; this limitation can result in overflow or other errors.
2.1.2D - The interpretation of a binary sequence depends on how it is used.
2.1.2E - A sequence of bits may represent instructions or data.
2.1.2F - A sequence of bits may represent different types of data in different contexts.

2.2 - Multiple levels of abstraction are used to write programs or create other computational artifacts

2.2.1 - Develop an abstraction when writing a program or creating other computational artifacts. [P2]

2.2.1A - The process of developing an abstraction involves removing detail and generalizing functionality.
2.2.1B - An abstraction extracts common features from specific examples in order to generalize concepts.

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

3A-AP-21 - Evaluate and refine computational artifacts to make them more usable and accessible.

DA - Data & Analysis

2-DA-07 - Represent data using multiple encoding schemes.
3A-DA-09 - Translate between different bit representations of real-world phenomena, such as characters, numbers, and images.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2011)

CD - Computers & Communication Devices

CD.L3A:9 - Describe how the Internet facilitates global communication.

CI - Community, Global, and Ethical Impacts

CI.L3A:10 - Describe security and privacy issues that relate to computer networks.
CI.L3A:4 - Compare the positive and negative impacts of technology on culture (e.g., social networking, delivery of news and other public media, and intercultural communication).

Computer Science Principles

6.1 - The Internet is a network of autonomous systems.

6.1.1 - Explain the abstractions in the Internet and how the Internet functions. [P3]

6.1.1B - An end to end architecture facilitates connecting new devices and networks on the Internet.
6.1.1C - Devices and networks that make up the Internet are connected and communicate using addresses and protocols.
6.1.1E - Connecting new devices to the Internet is enabled by assignment of an Internet protocol (IP) address.

6.2 - Characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it.

6.2.2 - Explain how the characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it. [P4]

6.2.2E - Open standards fuel the growth of the Internet.

7.3 - Computing has a global affect -- both beneficial and harmful -- on people and society.

7.3.1 - Analyze the beneficial and harmful effects of computing. [P4]

7.3.1A - Innovations enabled by computing raise legal and ethical concerns.
7.3.1D - Both authenticated and anonymous access to digital information raise legal and ethical concerns.
7.3.1E - Commercial and governmental censorship of digital information raise legal and ethical concerns.
7.3.1G - Privacy and security concerns arise in the development and use of computational systems and artifacts.
7.3.1L - Commercial and governmental curation of information may be exploited if privacy and other protections are ignored.

7.4 - Computing innovations influence and are influenced by the economic, social, and cultural contexts in which they are designed and used.

7.4.1 - Explain the connections between computing and economic, social, and cultural contexts. [P1]

7.4.1C - The global distribution of computing resources raises issues of equity, access, and power.
7.4.1D - Groups and individuals are affected by the â€œdigital divideâ€ â€” differing access to computing and the Internet based on socioeconomic or geographic characteristics.
7.4.1E - Networks and infrastructure are supported by both commercial and governmental initiatives.

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

IC - Impacts of Computing

3A-IC-28 - Explain the beneficial and harmful effects that intellectual property laws can have on innovation.
3B-IC-26 - Evaluate the impact of equity, access, and influence on the distribution of computing resources in a global society.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2011)

CD - Computers & Communication Devices

CD.L2:6 - Describe the major components and functions of computer systems and networks.
CD.L3A:9 - Describe how the Internet facilitates global communication.

CL - Collaboration

CL.L2:3 - Collaborate with peers, experts and others using collaborative practices such as pair programming, working in project teams and participating in-group active learning activities.

Computer Science Principles

6.1 - The Internet is a network of autonomous systems.

6.1.1 - Explain the abstractions in the Internet and how the Internet functions. [P3]

6.1.1C - Devices and networks that make up the Internet are connected and communicate using addresses and protocols.
6.1.1D - The Internet and the systems built on it facilitate collaboration.
6.1.1F - The Internet is built on evolving standards, including those for addresses and names.
6.1.1H - The number of devices that could use an IP address has grown so fast that a new protocol (IPv6) has been established to handle routing of many more devices.

6.2 - Characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it.

6.2.1 - Explain characteristics of the Internet and the systems built on it. [P5]

6.2.1C - IP addresses are hierarchical.

6.2.2 - Explain how the characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it. [P4]

6.2.2D - Interfaces and protocols enable widespread use of the Internet.

6.3 - Cybersecurity is an important concern for the Internet and the systems built on it.

6.3.1 - Identify existing cybersecurity concerns and potential options to address these issues with the Internet and the systems built on it. [P1]

6.3.1A - The trust model of the Internet involves tradeoffs.

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

NI - Networks & the Internet

2-NI-04 - Model the role of protocols in transmitting data across networks and the Internet.
3A-NI-04 - Evaluate the scalability and reliability of networks, by describing the relationship between routers, switches, servers, topology, and addressing.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2011)

CD - Computers & Communication Devices

CD.L3A:8 - Explain the basic components of computer networks (e.g., servers, file protection, routing, spoolers and queues, shared resources, and fault-tolerance).
CD.L3A:9 - Describe how the Internet facilitates global communication.
CD.L3B:4 - Describe the issues that impact network functionality (e.g., latency, bandwidth, firewalls, server capability).

CL - Collaboration

CL.L2:3 - Collaborate with peers, experts and others using collaborative practices such as pair programming, working in project teams and participating in-group active learning activities.

Computer Science Principles

3.3 - There are trade offs when representing information as digital data.

3.3.1 - Analyze how data representation, storage, security, and transmission of data involve computational manipulation of information. [P4]

3.3.1A - Digital data representations involve trade offs related to storage, security, and privacy concerns.
3.3.1F - Security and privacy concerns arise with data containing personal information.

6.1 - The Internet is a network of autonomous systems.

6.1.1 - Explain the abstractions in the Internet and how the Internet functions. [P3]

6.1.1B - An end to end architecture facilitates connecting new devices and networks on the Internet.
6.1.1C - Devices and networks that make up the Internet are connected and communicate using addresses and protocols.
6.1.1E - Connecting new devices to the Internet is enabled by assignment of an Internet protocol (IP) address.

6.2 - Characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it.

6.2.1 - Explain characteristics of the Internet and the systems built on it. [P5]

6.2.1A - The Internet and the systems built on it are hierarchical and redundant.
6.2.1D - Routing on the Internet is fault tolerant and redundant.

6.2.2 - Explain how the characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it. [P4]

6.2.2B - The redundancy of routing (i.e., more than one way to route data) between two points on the Internet increases the reliability of the Internet and helps it scale to more devices and more people.

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

NI - Networks & the Internet

2-NI-04 - Model the role of protocols in transmitting data across networks and the Internet.
3A-NI-04 - Evaluate the scalability and reliability of networks, by describing the relationship between routers, switches, servers, topology, and addressing.
3B-NI-03 - Describe the issues that impact network functionality (e.g., bandwidth, load, delay, topology).

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2011)

CD - Computers & Communication Devices

CD.L3A:8 - Explain the basic components of computer networks (e.g., servers, file protection, routing, spoolers and queues, shared resources, and fault-tolerance).
CD.L3A:9 - Describe how the Internet facilitates global communication.
CD.L3B:4 - Describe the issues that impact network functionality (e.g., latency, bandwidth, firewalls, server capability).

CL - Collaboration

CL.L2:3 - Collaborate with peers, experts and others using collaborative practices such as pair programming, working in project teams and participating in-group active learning activities.

Computer Science Principles

6.2 - Characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it.

6.2.1 - Explain characteristics of the Internet and the systems built on it. [P5]

6.2.1A - The Internet and the systems built on it are hierarchical and redundant.
6.2.1D - Routing on the Internet is fault tolerant and redundant.

6.2.2 - Explain how the characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it. [P4]

6.2.2A - Hierarchy and redundancy help systems scale.
6.2.2B - The redundancy of routing (i.e., more than one way to route data) between two points on the Internet increases the reliability of the Internet and helps it scale to more devices and more people.
6.2.2G - Standards for packets and routing include transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP).

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

NI - Networks & the Internet

2-NI-04 - Model the role of protocols in transmitting data across networks and the Internet.
3A-NI-04 - Evaluate the scalability and reliability of networks, by describing the relationship between routers, switches, servers, topology, and addressing.
3B-NI-03 - Describe the issues that impact network functionality (e.g., bandwidth, load, delay, topology).

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2011)

CD - Computers & Communication Devices

CD.L2:6 - Describe the major components and functions of computer systems and networks.
CD.L3A:8 - Explain the basic components of computer networks (e.g., servers, file protection, routing, spoolers and queues, shared resources, and fault-tolerance).
CD.L3A:9 - Describe how the Internet facilitates global communication.
CD.L3B:4 - Describe the issues that impact network functionality (e.g., latency, bandwidth, firewalls, server capability).

CL - Collaboration

CL.L2:3 - Collaborate with peers, experts and others using collaborative practices such as pair programming, working in project teams and participating in-group active learning activities.

Computer Science Principles

6.1 - The Internet is a network of autonomous systems.

6.1.1 - Explain the abstractions in the Internet and how the Internet functions. [P3]

6.1.1G - The domain name system (DNS) translates names to IP addresses.

6.2 - Characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it.

6.2.1 - Explain characteristics of the Internet and the systems built on it. [P5]

6.2.1B - The domain name syntax is hierarchical

6.2.2 - Explain how the characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it. [P4]

6.2.2C - Hierarchy in the DNS helps that system scale.
6.2.2D - Interfaces and protocols enable widespread use of the Internet.

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

NI - Networks & the Internet

2-NI-04 - Model the role of protocols in transmitting data across networks and the Internet.
3A-NI-04 - Evaluate the scalability and reliability of networks, by describing the relationship between routers, switches, servers, topology, and addressing.
3A-NI-05 - Give examples to illustrate how sensitive data can be affected by malware and other attacks.
3A-NI-06 - Recommend security measures to address various scenarios based on factors such as efficiency, feasibility, and ethical impacts.
3A-NI-07 - Compare various security measures, considering tradeoffs between the usability and security of a computer system.
3B-NI-03 - Describe the issues that impact network functionality (e.g., bandwidth, load, delay, topology).

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2011)

CD - Computers & Communication Devices

CD.L3A:8 - Explain the basic components of computer networks (e.g., servers, file protection, routing, spoolers and queues, shared resources, and fault-tolerance).
CD.L3A:9 - Describe how the Internet facilitates global communication.

CPP - Computing Practice & Programming

CPP.L3A:9 - Explain the principles of security by examining encryption, cryptography, and authentication techniques.

CT - Computational Thinking

CT.L3A:9 - Discuss the value of abstraction to manage problem complexity.

Computer Science Principles

6.1 - The Internet is a network of autonomous systems.

6.1.1 - Explain the abstractions in the Internet and how the Internet functions. [P3]

6.1.1I - Standards such as hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), IP, and simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) are developed and overseen by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).

6.2 - Characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it.

6.2.2 - Explain how the characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it. [P4]

6.2.2H - Standards for sharing information and communicating between browsers and servers on the Web include HTTP and secure sockets layer/transport layer security (SSL/TLS).

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

CS - Computing Systems

3A-CS-01 - Explain how abstractions hide the underlying implementation details of computing systems embedded in everyday objects.
3A-CS-02 - Compare levels of abstraction and interactions between application software, system software and hardware layers.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2011)

CD - Computers & Communication Devices

CD.L3A:8 - Explain the basic components of computer networks (e.g., servers, file protection, routing, spoolers and queues, shared resources, and fault-tolerance).
CD.L3A:9 - Describe how the Internet facilitates global communication.

CI - Community, Global, and Ethical Impacts

CI.L2:2 - Demonstrate knowledge of changes in information technologies over time and the effects those changes have on education, the workplace and society.
CI.L2:3 - Analyze the positive and negative impacts of computing on human culture.
CI.L2:5 - Describe ethical issues that relate to computers and networks (e.g., security, privacy, ownership and information sharing).
CI.L3A:10 - Describe security and privacy issues that relate to computer networks.
CI.L3A:4 - Compare the positive and negative impacts of technology on culture (e.g., social networking, delivery of news and other public media, and intercultural communication).

CL - Collaboration

CL.L2:2 - Collaboratively design, develop, publish and present products (e.g., videos, podcasts, websites) using technology resources that demonstrate and communicate curriculum. concepts.

Computer Science Principles

6.3 - Cybersecurity is an important concern for the Internet and the systems built on it.

6.3.1 - Identify existing cybersecurity concerns and potential options to address these issues with the Internet and the systems built on it. [P1]

6.3.1A - The trust model of the Internet involves tradeoffs.
6.3.1B - The domain name system (DNS) was not designed to be completely secure.

7.1 - Computing enhances communication, interaction, and cognition.

7.1.1 - Explain how computing innovations affect communication, interaction, and cognition. [P4]

7.1.1A - Email, short message service (SMS), and chat have fostered new ways to communicate and collaborate.
7.1.1B - Video conferencing and video chat have fostered new ways to communicate and collaborate.
7.1.1C - Social media continues to evolve and foster new ways to communicate.
7.1.1D - Cloud computing fosters new ways to communicate and collaborate.
7.1.1H - Social media, such as blogs and Twitter, have enhanced dissemination.
7.1.1I - Global Positioning System (GPS) and related technologies have changed how humans travel, navigate, and find information related to geolocation.
7.1.1J - Sensor networks facilitate new ways of interacting with the environment and with physical systems.
7.1.1K - Smart grids, smart buildings, and smart transportation are changing and facilitating human capabilities.
7.1.1M - The Internet and the Web have enhanced methods of and opportunities for communication and collaboration.
7.1.1O - The Internet and the Web have impacted productivity, positively and negatively, in many areas.

7.4 - Computing innovations influence and are influenced by the economic, social, and cultural contexts in which they are designed and used.

7.4.1 - Explain the connections between computing and economic, social, and cultural contexts. [P1]

7.4.1A - The innovation and impact of social media and online access is different in different countries and in different socioeconomic groups.
7.4.1B - Mobile, wireless, and networked computing have an impact on innovation throughout the world.
7.4.1D - Groups and individuals are affected by the â€œdigital divideâ€ â€” differing access to computing and the Internet based on socioeconomic or geographic characteristics.
7.4.1E - Networks and infrastructure are supported by both commercial and governmental initiatives.

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

IC - Impacts of Computing

3A-IC-24 - Evaluate the ways computing impacts personal, ethical, social, economic, and cultural practices.
3A-IC-28 - Explain the beneficial and harmful effects that intellectual property laws can have on innovation.
3A-IC-30 - Evaluate the social and economic implications of privacy in the context of safety, law, or ethics.
3B-IC-26 - Evaluate the impact of equity, access, and influence on the distribution of computing resources in a global society.
3B-IC-28 - Debate laws and regulations that impact the development and use of software.