CS Principles 2020-2021 Standards Alignment

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

2-AP-11 - Create clearly named variables that represent different data types and perform operations on their values.

CSP2021

AAP-1 - To find specific solutions to generalizable problems, programmers represent and organize data in multiple ways

AAP-1.A - Represent a value with a variable.

AAP-1.A.1 - A variable is an abstraction inside a program that can hold a value. Each variable has associated data storage that represents one value at a time, but that value can be a list or other collection that in turn contains multiple values.

AAP-1.B - Determine the value of a variable as a result of an assignment.

AAP-1.B.1 - The assignment operator allows a program to change the value represented by a variable.
AAP-1.B.3 - The value stored in a variable will be the most recent value assigned. For example: a ← 1b ← a a ← 2 display(b) still displays 1.

AAP-1.C - Represent a list or string using a variable.

AAP-1.C.4 - A string is an ordered sequence of characters.

AAP-2 - The way statements are sequenced and combined in a program determines the computed result

AAP-2.B - Represent a step-by-step algorithmic process using sequential code statements.

AAP-2.B.3 - An expression can consist of a value, a variable, an operator, or a procedure call that returns a value.
AAP-2.B.4 - Expressions are evaluated to produce a single value.
AAP-2.B.5 - The evaluation of expressions follows a set order of operations defined by the programming language.

AAP-2.C - Evaluate expressions that use arithmetic operators.

AAP-2.C.1 - Arithmetic operators are part of most programming languages and include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus operators.
AAP-2.C.4 - The order of operations used in mathematics applies when evaluating expressions. The MOD operator has the same precedence as the * and / operators.

DAT-1 - The way that the computer represents data is different from the way that the data are interpreted and displayed for the user

DAT-1.A - Explain how data can be represented using bits.

DAT-1.A.1 - Data values can be stored in variables, lists of items, or standalone constants and can be passed as input to (or output from) procedures.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

2-AP-11 - Create clearly named variables that represent different data types and perform operations on their values.
3B-AP-23 - Evaluate key qualities of a program through a process such as a code review.

CSP2021

AAP-1 - To find specific solutions to generalizable problems, programmers represent and organize data in multiple ways

AAP-1.A - Represent a value with a variable.

AAP-1.A.2 - Using meaningful variable names helps with the readability of program code and understanding of what values are represented by the variables.
AAP-1.A.3 - Some programming languages provide types to represent data, which are referenced using variables. These types include numbers, Booleans, lists, and strings.

AAP-2 - The way statements are sequenced and combined in a program determines the computed result

AAP-2.D - Evaluate expressions that manipulate strings.

AAP-2.D.1 - String concatenation joins together two or more strings end-to-end to make a new string.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

2-AP-11 - Create clearly named variables that represent different data types and perform operations on their values.

CSP2021

AAP-1 - To find specific solutions to generalizable problems, programmers represent and organize data in multiple ways

AAP-1.B - Determine the value of a variable as a result of an assignment.

AAP-1.B.2 - The exam reference sheet provides the “←” operator to use for assignment. For example,a ← expression evaluates expression and then assigns the result to the variable a.

AAP-2 - The way statements are sequenced and combined in a program determines the computed result

AAP-2.C - Evaluate expressions that use arithmetic operators.

AAP-2.C.2 - The exam reference sheet provides a MOD b, which evaluates to the remainder when a is divided by b. Assume that a is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and b is an integer greater than 0. For example, 17 MOD 5 evaluates to 2.
AAP-2.C.3 - The exam reference sheet provides the arithmetic operators +, -, *, /, and MOD. ● a + b● a – b● a * b● a / b● a MOD bThese are used to perform arithmetic on a and b. For example, 17 / 5 evaluates to 3.4.

AAP-3 - Programmers break down problems into smaller and more manageable pieces

AAP-3.A - For procedure calls: a. Write statements to call procedures. b. Determine the result or effect of a procedure call.`

AAP-3.A.6 - The exam reference sheet provides the procedure DISPLAY(expression) to display the value of expression, followed by a space.

AAP-3.E - For generating random values: a. Write expressions to generate possible values. b. Evaluate expressions to determine the possible results.

AAP-3.E.1 - The exam reference sheet provides RANDOM(a, b) which generates and returns a random integer from a to b, inclusive. Each result is equally likely to occur. For example, RANDOM(1, 3) could return 1, 2, or 3.

DAT-1 - The way that the computer represents data is different from the way that the data are interpreted and displayed for the user

DAT-1.B - Explain the consequences of using bits to represent data.

DAT-1.B.2 - Other programming languages provide an abstraction through which the size of representable integers is limited only by the size of the computer's memory; this is the case for the language defined in the exam reference sheet.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

2-AP-11 - Create clearly named variables that represent different data types and perform operations on their values.
2-AP-19 - Document programs in order to make them easier to follow, test, and debug.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

2-AP-10 - Use flowcharts and/or pseudocode to address complex problems as algorithms.
3A-AP-15 - Justify the selection of specific control structures when tradeoffs involve implementation, readability, and program performance and explain the benefits and drawbacks of choices made.

CSP2021

AAP-2 - The way statements are sequenced and combined in a program determines the computed result

AAP-2.E - For relationships between two variables, expressions, or values: a. Represent using relational operators b. Evaluate expressions that use relational operators.

AAP-2.E.1 - A Boolean value is either true or false.

AAP-2.F - For relationships between Boolean values: a. Represent using logical operators. b. Evaluate expressions that use logic operators.

AAP-2.F.5 - The operand for a logical operator is either a Boolean expression or a single Boolean value.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

2-AP-10 - Use flowcharts and/or pseudocode to address complex problems as algorithms.
2-AP-12 - Design and iteratively develop programs that combine control structures, including nested loops and compound conditionals.
3B-AP-23 - Evaluate key qualities of a program through a process such as a code review.

CSP2021

AAP-2 - The way statements are sequenced and combined in a program determines the computed result

AAP-2.H - For selection: a. Represent using conditional statements. b. Determine the result of conditional statements.

AAP-2.H.1 - Conditional statements or “if-statements” affect the sequential flow of control by executing different statements based on the value of a Boolean expression.

AAP-2.I - For nested selection: a. Represent using nested conditional statements. b. Determine the result of nested conditional statements.

AAP-2.I.1 - Nested conditional statements, or “else if” statements, consist of conditional statements within conditional statements.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

2-AP-10 - Use flowcharts and/or pseudocode to address complex problems as algorithms.
2-AP-12 - Design and iteratively develop programs that combine control structures, including nested loops and compound conditionals.

CSP2021

AAP-2 - The way statements are sequenced and combined in a program determines the computed result

AAP-2.E - For relationships between two variables, expressions, or values: a. Represent using relational operators b. Evaluate expressions that use relational operators.

AAP-2.E.2 - The exam reference sheet provides the following relational operators: =, ≠, >, <, ≥, and ≤. ● a = b● a ≠ b● a > b● a < b● a ≥ b● a ≤ b These are used to test the relationship between two variables, expressions, o

AAP-2.F - For relationships between Boolean values: a. Represent using logical operators. b. Evaluate expressions that use logic operators.

AAP-2.F.1 - The exam reference sheet provides the logical operators NOT, AND, and OR, which evaluate to a Boolean value.
AAP-2.F.2 - The exam reference sheet provides the NOT condition, which evaluates to true if condition is false; otherwise it evaluates to false.
AAP-2.F.3 - The exam reference sheet provides condition1 AND condition2, which evaluates to true if both condition1 and condition2 are true; otherwise it evaluates to false.
AAP-2.F.4 - The exam reference sheet provides condition1 OR condition2, which evaluates to true if condition1 is true or if condition2 is true or if both condition1 and condition2 are true; otherwise it evaluates to false.

AAP-2.H - For selection: a. Represent using conditional statements. b. Determine the result of conditional statements.

AAP-2.H.2 - The exam reference sheet providesIF(condition){<block of statements>}in which the code in block of statements is executed if the Boolean expression condition evaluates to true; no action is taken if condition evaluates to false.
AAP-2.H.3 - The exam reference sheet providesIF(condition){ <first block of statements>}ELSE{ <second block of statements>}in which the code in first block of statements is executed if the Boolean expression condition evaluates to true; otherwise, the code i

AAP-2.L - Compare multiple algorithms to determine if they yield the same side effect or result.

AAP-2.L.3 - Some conditional statements can be written as equivalent Boolean expressions.
AAP-2.L.4 - Some Boolean expressions can be written as equivalent conditional statements.

AAP-3 - Programmers break down problems into smaller and more manageable pieces

AAP-3.A - For procedure calls: a. Write statements to call procedures. b. Determine the result or effect of a procedure call.`

AAP-3.A.9 - The exam reference sheet provides procedure INPUT(), which accepts a value from the user and returns the input value.

CRD-2 - Developers create and innovate using an iterative design process

CRD-2.I - For errors in an algorithm or program: a. Identify the error. b. Correct the error.

CRD-2.I.1 - A logic error is a mistake in the algorithm or program that causes it to behave incorrectly or unexpectedly.
CRD-2.I.2 - A syntax error is a mistake in the program where the rules of the programming language are not followed.
CRD-2.I.3 - A run-time error is a mistake in the program that occurs during the execution of a program. Programming languages define their own run-time errors.
CRD-2.I.4 - An overflow error is an error that occurs when a computer attempts to handle a number that is outside of the defined range of values.

CRD-2.J - Identify inputs and corresponding expected output or behaviors that can be used to check the correctness of an algorithm or program.

CRD-2.J.2 - Defined inputs used to test a program should demonstrate the different expected outcomes that are at or just beyond the extremes (minimum and maximum) of input data.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

2-AP-10 - Use flowcharts and/or pseudocode to address complex problems as algorithms.
2-AP-12 - Design and iteratively develop programs that combine control structures, including nested loops and compound conditionals.
2-AP-19 - Document programs in order to make them easier to follow, test, and debug.
3B-AP-21 - Develop and use a series of test cases to verify that a program performs according to its design specifications.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

3A-AP-17 - Decompose problems into smaller components through systematic analysis, using constructs such as procedures, modules, and/or objects.
3B-AP-23 - Evaluate key qualities of a program through a process such as a code review.

CSP2021

AAP-3 - Programmers break down problems into smaller and more manageable pieces

AAP-3.A - For procedure calls: a. Write statements to call procedures. b. Determine the result or effect of a procedure call.`

AAP-3.A.1 - A procedure is a named group of programming instructions that may have parameters and return values.
AAP-3.A.2 - Procedures are referred to by different names, such as method or function, depending on the programming language.
AAP-3.A.4 - A procedure call interrupts the sequential execution of statements, causing the program to execute the statements within the procedure before continuing. Once the last statement in the procedure (or a return statement) has executed, flow of control is ret

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

3A-AP-17 - Decompose problems into smaller components through systematic analysis, using constructs such as procedures, modules, and/or objects.
3B-AP-14 - Construct solutions to problems using student-created components, such as procedures, modules and/or objects.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

2-AP-19 - Document programs in order to make them easier to follow, test, and debug.
3A-AP-17 - Decompose problems into smaller components through systematic analysis, using constructs such as procedures, modules, and/or objects.
3B-AP-14 - Construct solutions to problems using student-created components, such as procedures, modules and/or objects.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

2-AP-10 - Use flowcharts and/or pseudocode to address complex problems as algorithms.
2-AP-11 - Create clearly named variables that represent different data types and perform operations on their values.
3A-AP-16 - Design and iteratively develop computational artifacts for practical intent, personal expression, or to address a societal issue by using events to initiate instructions.
3B-AP-14 - Construct solutions to problems using student-created components, such as procedures, modules and/or objects.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

2-AP-10 - Use flowcharts and/or pseudocode to address complex problems as algorithms.
2-AP-11 - Create clearly named variables that represent different data types and perform operations on their values.
3A-AP-16 - Design and iteratively develop computational artifacts for practical intent, personal expression, or to address a societal issue by using events to initiate instructions.
3B-AP-14 - Construct solutions to problems using student-created components, such as procedures, modules and/or objects.

Standards Alignment

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming

2-AP-10 - Use flowcharts and/or pseudocode to address complex problems as algorithms.
2-AP-11 - Create clearly named variables that represent different data types and perform operations on their values.
3A-AP-16 - Design and iteratively develop computational artifacts for practical intent, personal expression, or to address a societal issue by using events to initiate instructions.
3B-AP-14 - Construct solutions to problems using student-created components, such as procedures, modules and/or objects.