Lesson 2: Designing Screens with Code

Overview

In Unit 4 students learned a very simple approach to app development in App Lab that required a separate screen for most interactions. To expand the kinds of apps that students can make, and to encourage them to think in new ways about how users interact with apps, we introduce the setProperty() block. This command can be used to set the content and properties of various UI elements, allowing students to write programs that update information on a single screen, instead of manually creating duplicate screens. In this lesson students build up simple apps that only require a single screen, the content of which is changed using setProperty().

Purpose

This lesson allows students some time to get back into programming with App Lab before introducing the Circuit Playground, but also introduces the useful concept of a setter. In Unit 4, students primarily used setScreen() to make their apps respond to user interaction. While this is a simple and useful technique, it can lead to a lot of duplication of content across multiple screens. By using setters, and later getters, students can write apps that actually change the content on a single screen, by showing and hiding or changing the content or look of various elements.

Once students have learned about using getters and setters with UI elements, encourage them to think critically about when to use a separate screen in the design phase of an app. If screens are more alike than different, it might be more effective to just change the elements on screen in reaction to input instead of duplicating content across multiple screens. While students are only introduced to setProperty() right now, they will later learn the partner command getProperty().

Agenda

Warm Up (5 min)

Activity (45 to 60 minutes)

Wrap Up (5 min)

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Objectives

Students will be able to:

  • Set the properties of UI elements using code
  • Respond to user input using an event handler
  • Write programs that change multiple elements on a single screen instead of changing screens

Introduced Code

Teaching Guide

Warm Up (5 min)

UI Element Properties Refresher

Discussion Goal

The goal of this disucssion is to prime students to think about the properties of various design elements, which they will learn to change with code later in this lesson. You might ask students to think back to a similar discussion we had in Unit 2 when trying to describe what a web page looks like, or to the properties of a sprite from Unit 3

Display: Show students this example image

Discuss: How would you describe to somebody else how to recreate this screen? What specific details would they need to know about each design element?

Activity (45 to 60 minutes)

Designing with setProperty()

Transition: Head to Code Studio

Share: The final level in this lesson allows students to customize and submit an "Emotion Machine" app. If time, allow students to share their programs.

Wrap Up (5 min)

Reflecting on Unit 4

Discussion Goal

Goal: This discussion is intended to clarify for students why we are changing UI elements with code, and how it might actually allow them to solve problems that came up in Unit 4. From this point on students will need to make reasoned choices about when to use separate screens in a program and when to update elements with code.

Prompt: Think back to the app you prototyped in Unit 4. Knowing what you know about using setProperty() to change UI elements, how might you change your app prototype?

Discuss: Have the class share the kinds of things they came up with. See if the class can come up with some broad types of features that weren't possible, or were cumbersome, to do with screens alone.

  • Setting Properties
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  • (click tabs to see student view)
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Student Instructions

Read the code and predict what this app will look like when run.

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Student Instructions

Changing the Text

The setProperty block can be used to change lots of things about your design elements, including the text they contain.

Do This

  • Drag out a setProperty block
  • For the first parameter, select "name" (the element's id)
  • For the second parameter, select "text" (the property you want to set)
  • For the third parameter, write your name in quotes (the value to set)

Note: We've removed the Design Mode tab for now so you can practice working with setProperty, but it'll come back later once you're building apps of your own.

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Student Instructions

Changing Position

Every design element (except for the screen) has an "x" and a "y" property that controls its position.

Do This

expandable

Using the setProperty block, move "red_button" so that it matches the image to the right. (Click on the image to see the full size.)

Note: We've removed the Design Mode tab for now so you can practice working with setProperty, but it'll come back later once you're building apps of your own.

  • Events and Properties
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  • (click tabs to see student view)
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Student Instructions

Changing With a Click

It's not really useful to only set a property when your program is first run. After all, you could just do all of that in Design Mode. When you use an onEvent block with setProperty, you're able to do things you couldn't do with Design Mode alone.

Do This

We've provided an empty onEvent block that's watching the "smiley" image. Inside the onEvent block, use two setProperty blocks to move the smiley somewhere else (it doesn't really matter where for now). Test your program by running it and clicking on the smiley.

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Student Instructions

Randomization

Moving on the first click is fine, but this smiley would be even cooler if it moved somewhere new every time we clicked. Fortunately, we can use the randomNumber block to do just that.

Do This

Instead of setting the "x" and "y" properties to a specific number, use the randomNumber block to pick a new random "x" and "y" each time the smiley is clicked.

Tip: The App Lab screen is 320 pixels wide by 450 pixels tall. What range of random numbers will ensure that the smiley is always visible on screen?

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Student Instructions

Hidden

Design elements have a property called "hidden" that controls whether the element should show on screen or not. We are going to use this property to create an alarm app. Notice that when the program starts one button is hidden, and one is not.

We have already set up an event handler for the "triggerAlarmButton" which will do two things when clicked:

  • Change the "text" property of "statusLabel" to "on"
  • Set the "hidden" property of "stopAlarmButton" to false (meaning it should not be hidden)

Do This

  • Run the program and click "Trigger Alarm" to see how it works
  • Add code to the provided event handler that hides the "triggerAlarmButton"

Note: the button "stopAlarmButton" is already on the screen, but because its "hidden" property is marked true, it isn't shown when the program starts.

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Student Instructions

Showing/Hiding

This alarm app isn't super useful if you can't turn the alarm off once it's been triggered. Let's fix that.

Do This

Add a second onEvent block to watch for the "stopAlarmButton" to be clicked. Inside that block:

  • Change the status text to "OFF"
  • Hide the "stopAlarmButton"

Hint: "hidden" is a boolean property. If we used false to make the button show up, what should you use to make it hidden again?

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The Emotion Machine

Check out this Emotion Machine app that you'll be building next. Try clicking on the buttons to see how it works.

Do This

Try out the app, and then with a neighbor discuss:

  • What events handlers does this app use?
  • Which elements are being changed with code?
  • Which properties are being changed when you click a button?
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Student Instructions

Changing Images

The first thing you'll need your emotion machine to do is change to the appropriate image when a button is clicked. If you look at the starting code, you'll see that we already added setProperty("face", "image", "icon://fa-smile-o") to change to a smiley face when you click happy.

Do This

expandable

Create an event handler for "sad_button" and make it change to a sad emoji. To do this you'll need to set the "image" property of the image with id "face".

Tip: when you click the last dropdown in the setProperty block click "Choose..." to go to your media library. From there you can select an icon from our icon library or upload an image of your own.

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Student Instructions

Changing Color

If you look back at the example for this app, you should notice that not only do the emojis change when you click a button, but their color changes as well.

Do This

In each of the event handlers, set the "icon-color" property of "face". Pick a warm color for happy and a cool color for sad.

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Student Instructions

Setting Text

Your happy and sad buttons should be almost completely functional now. The only thing they still need to do is change the text at the bottom of the screen.

Do This

Make each of the event handlers change the text of "feeling" to the appropriate emotion (either "happy" or "sad")

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Student Instructions

Add Another Emotion

In the example app you saw earlier, you could set the emotion to happy, sad, or meh. Your app only has happy and sad, can you add a third emotion?

Do This

Using all of the same techniques you used for the happy and sad buttons, create a third emotion button. You could stick with meh, or you could pick an emotion of your own.

When you're all done, feel free to add more emotions or features before submitting your final version.

Standards Alignment

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CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

AP - Algorithms & Programming
  • 2-AP-11 - Create clearly named variables that represent different data types and perform operations on their values.
  • 2-AP-13 - Decompose problems and subproblems into parts to facilitate the design, implementation, and review of programs.
  • 2-AP-16 - Incorporate existing code, media, and libraries into original programs, and give attribution.
  • 2-AP-19 - Document programs in order to make them easier to follow, test, and debug.