CS Discoveries 2020-2021

Unit 4 Overview

Unit 4 extends the problem solving process to incorporate user centered design and software development. By the end of the unit, students should see the design process as a form of problem solving that prioritizes the needs of a user. They should be able to identify user needs and assess how well different designs address them. In particular they know how to develop a paper and digital prototypes, gather and respond to feedback about a prototype, and consider ways different user interfaces do or do not affect the usability of their apps. Students should leave the unit with a basic understand of other roles in software development, such as product management, marketing, design, and testing, and to use what they have learned as a tool for social impact.

Learning Framework

Understanding the user

Students should actively consider the needs of others while developing a solution to a problem. They should identify user needs as central criteria for the development of a computational artifact and distinguish their own needs from those of the user, taking steps to identify those needs through a variety of strategies.

Identify user needs as distinct from the needs of the developer:

Describe the target users for a computational artifact and identify those user’s needs, distinguishing between the needs of the student and those of the user.

Collect and analyze user information to better understand user needs:

Collect information on users, either through research, interviews, or surveys, and analyze that information to create a profile for the user, including the needs that the user may have in interacting with the intended computational artifact.

Designing to criteria

Students should be able to use set criteria to guide their design of a computational artifact, both in the overall design and purpose of the artifact and in the specific ways that users can interact with it.

Generate and evaluate ideas for meeting specific criteria

Generate multiple strategies for meeting user needs, then organize them into meaningful categories so that they can be analyzed. Select the most appropriate strategies from the list.

Design according to specific user needs

Design an artifact, including core functionality and user interface, that meets the needs of a specific user, or design improvements to an existing artifact in order to meet those needs.

Prototyping and Testing

Students should be able to create and use a prototype to test the proposed features and functionality of a computational artifact. They should design prototypes tests that allow them to observe user interaction and get user feedback on the artifact and use that feedback to create a plan for improving the artifact’s design.

Create and test a prototype for a computational artifact

Create a paper or digital prototype that incorporates the user flow for a computational artifact. Design and run tests that use these prototypes to gather feedback on a design before creating the full computational artifact.

Synthesize user feedback to identify needed improvements to a design

Analyze user tests to identify features that should be removed, added, or improved within the design of a computational artifact.

Software Development

Use events to detect and respond to user input

Select the appropriate input element for a given type of information and create an event that detects and responds to that input.

Collaboratively develop a computational artifact

Collaborate with others to develop a computational artifact, developing a plan for splitting work effectively, assigning roles and responsibilities to each team member, and integrating all components into the final artifact.

Communicate and document the design and development of a computational artifact

Communicate the design and intended use of program, as well as the development of an ongoing project, to a variety of audiences, including non-technical users.

Refinine Computational Artifacts

Analyze user feedback and test results on a computational artifact, then categorize and prioritize the issues according to impact and ease of implementation. Create and implement a plan for further development of the artifact.

Evaluation and Feedback

Students should be able to evaluate a computational artifact, such as a web page, app, or program, according to its ability to meet a broad range of user needs and its social impact. Students should understand that computational artifacts may incorporate assumptions that developers have made about users, and should be able to clearly and respectfully critique a design

Evaluate usability of computational artifact

Critically evaluate a design based on a specific set of user needs, identifying which needs are and are not met by the design.

Evaluate the purpose and impact of a computational artifact:

Identify the ways in which a computational artifact will impact the intended users, as well as others. This impact may or may not be related to the intended purpose of the artifact. Evaluate whether or not a computational artifact is successful in its intended purpose.