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AP Explore PT Prep
Lesson 1: Explore PT - Review the Task
Standards Alignment
Computer Science Principles
1.1 - Creative development can be an essential process for creating computational artifacts.
1.1.1 - Apply a creative development process when creating computational artifacts. [P2]
- 1.1.1A - A creative process in the development of a computational artifact can include, but is not limited to, employing nontraditional, nonprescribed techniques; the use of novel combinations of artifacts, tools, and techniques; and the exploration of personal cu
- 1.1.1B - Creating computational artifacts employs an iterative and often exploratory process to translate ideas into tangible form.
1.2 - Computing enables people to use creative development processes to create computational artifacts for creative expression or to solve a problem.
1.2.1 - Create a computational artifact for creative expression. [P2]
- 1.2.1A - A computational artifact is anything created by a human using a computer and can be, but is not limited to, a program, an image, audio, video, a presentation, or a web page file.
- 1.2.1B - Creating computational artifacts requires understanding and using software tools and services.
- 1.2.1C - Computing tools and techniques are used to create computational artifacts and can include, but are not limited to, programming IDEs, spreadsheets, 3D printers, or text editors.
- 1.2.1D - A creatively developed computational artifact can be created by using nontraditional, nonprescribed computing techniques.
- 1.2.1E - Creative expressions in a computational artifact can reflect personal expressions of ideas or interests.
7.5 - An investigative process is aided by effective organization and selection of resources. Appropriate technologies and tools facilitate the accessing of information and enable the ability to evaluate the credibility of sources.
7.5.1 - Access, manage, and attribute information using effective strategies. [P1]
- 7.5.1C - Plagiarism is a serious offense that occurs when a person presents another's ideas or words as his or her own. Plagiarism may be avoided by accurately acknowledging sources. 7.5.2 Evaluate online and print sources for appropriateness and credibility [P5]
Lesson 2: Explore PT - Make a Plan
Standards Alignment
Computer Science Principles
1.1 - Creative development can be an essential process for creating computational artifacts.
1.1.1 - Apply a creative development process when creating computational artifacts. [P2]
- 1.1.1A - A creative process in the development of a computational artifact can include, but is not limited to, employing nontraditional, nonprescribed techniques; the use of novel combinations of artifacts, tools, and techniques; and the exploration of personal cu
- 1.1.1B - Creating computational artifacts employs an iterative and often exploratory process to translate ideas into tangible form.
1.2 - Computing enables people to use creative development processes to create computational artifacts for creative expression or to solve a problem.
1.2.1 - Create a computational artifact for creative expression. [P2]
- 1.2.1A - A computational artifact is anything created by a human using a computer and can be, but is not limited to, a program, an image, audio, video, a presentation, or a web page file.
- 1.2.1B - Creating computational artifacts requires understanding and using software tools and services.
- 1.2.1C - Computing tools and techniques are used to create computational artifacts and can include, but are not limited to, programming IDEs, spreadsheets, 3D printers, or text editors.
- 1.2.1D - A creatively developed computational artifact can be created by using nontraditional, nonprescribed computing techniques.
- 1.2.1E - Creative expressions in a computational artifact can reflect personal expressions of ideas or interests.
1.2.3 - Create a new computational artifact by combining or modifying existing artifacts. [P2]
- 1.2.3A - Creating computational artifacts can be done by combining and modifying existing artifacts or by creating new artifacts.
- 1.2.3B - Computation facilitates the creation and modification of computational artifacts with enhanced detail and precision.
- 1.2.3C - Combining or modifying existing artifacts can show personal expression of ideas.
7.5 - An investigative process is aided by effective organization and selection of resources. Appropriate technologies and tools facilitate the accessing of information and enable the ability to evaluate the credibility of sources.
7.5.1 - Access, manage, and attribute information using effective strategies. [P1]
- 7.5.1A - Online databases and libraries catalog and house secondary and some primary resources
- 7.5.1B - Advanced search tools, Boolean logic, and key words can refine the search focus and/or limit search results based on a variety of factors (e.g., peer-review status, type of publication)
- 7.5.1C - Plagiarism is a serious offense that occurs when a person presents another's ideas or words as his or her own. Plagiarism may be avoided by accurately acknowledging sources. 7.5.2 Evaluate online and print sources for appropriateness and credibility [P5]
7.5.2 - Evaluate online and print sources for appropriateness and credibility [P5]
- 7.5.2A - Determining the credibility of a soruce requires considering and evaluating the reputation and credentials of the author(s), publisher(s), site owner(s), and/or sponsor(s).
- 7.5.2B - Information from a source is considered relevant when it supports an appropriate claim or the purpose of the investigation
Lesson 3: Explore PT - Complete the Task (8 hours)
Standards Alignment
Computer Science Principles
1.2 - Computing enables people to use creative development processes to create computational artifacts for creative expression or to solve a problem.
1.2.1 - Create a computational artifact for creative expression. [P2]
- 1.2.1A - A computational artifact is anything created by a human using a computer and can be, but is not limited to, a program, an image, audio, video, a presentation, or a web page file.
- 1.2.1B - Creating computational artifacts requires understanding and using software tools and services.
- 1.2.1C - Computing tools and techniques are used to create computational artifacts and can include, but are not limited to, programming IDEs, spreadsheets, 3D printers, or text editors.
- 1.2.1D - A creatively developed computational artifact can be created by using nontraditional, nonprescribed computing techniques.
- 1.2.1E - Creative expressions in a computational artifact can reflect personal expressions of ideas or interests.
1.2.2 - Create a computational artifact using computing tools and techniques to solve a problem. [P2]
- 1.2.2A - Computing tools and techniques can enhance the process of finding a solution to a problem.
- 1.2.2B - A creative development process for creating computational artifacts can be used to solve problems when traditional or prescribed computing techniques are not effective.
1.2.3 - Create a new computational artifact by combining or modifying existing artifacts. [P2]
- 1.2.3A - Creating computational artifacts can be done by combining and modifying existing artifacts or by creating new artifacts.
- 1.2.3B - Computation facilitates the creation and modification of computational artifacts with enhanced detail and precision.
- 1.2.3C - Combining or modifying existing artifacts can show personal expression of ideas.
1.2.5 - Analyze the correctness, usability, functionality, and suitability of computational artifacts. [P4]
- 1.2.5A - The context in which an artifact is used determines the correctness, usability, functionality, and suitability of the artifact.
- 1.2.5B - A computational artifact may have weaknesses, mistakes, or errors depending on the type of artifact.
- 1.2.5C - The functionality of a computational artifact may be related to how it is used or perceived.
- 1.2.5D - The suitability (or appropriateness) of a computational artifact may be related to how it is used or perceived.
3.1 - People use computer programs to process information to gain insight and knowledge.
3.1.3 - Explain the insight and knowledge gained from digitally processed data by using appropriate visualizations, notations, and precise language. [P5]
- 3.1.3A - Visualization tools and software can communicate information about data.
- 3.1.3B - Tables, diagrams, and textual displays can be used in communicating insight and knowledge gained from data.
- 3.1.3C - Summaries of data analyzed computationally can be effective in communicating insight and knowledge gained from digitally represented information.
- 3.1.3D - Transforming information can be effective in communicating knowledge gained from data.
- 3.1.3E - Interactivity with data is an aspect of communicating.
3.2 - Computing facilitates exploration and the discovery of connections in information.
3.2.1 - Extract information from data to discover and explain connections, patterns, or trends. [P1]
- 3.2.1A - Large data sets provide opportunities and challenges for extracting information and knowledge.
- 3.2.1B - Large data sets provide opportunities for identifying trends, making connections in data, and solving problems.
- 3.2.1C - Computing tools facilitate the discovery of connections in information within large data sets.
- 3.2.1D - Search tools are essential for efficiently finding information.
- 3.2.1E - Information filtering systems are important tools for finding information and recognizing patterns in the information.
- 3.2.1F - Software tools, including spreadsheets and databases, help to efficiently organize and find trends in information.
- 3.2.1G - Metadata is data about data.
- 3.2.1H - Metadata can be descriptive data about an image, a Web page, or other complex objects.
- 3.2.1I - Metadata can increase the effective use of data or data sets by providing additional information about various aspects of that data.
3.3 - There are trade offs when representing information as digital data.
3.3.1 - Analyze how data representation, storage, security, and transmission of data involve computational manipulation of information. [P4]
- 3.3.1A - Digital data representations involve trade offs related to storage, security, and privacy concerns.
- 3.3.1B - Security concerns engender tradeoffs in storing and transmitting information.
- 3.3.1C - There are trade offs in using lossy and lossless compression techniques for storing and transmitting data.
- 3.3.1D - Lossless data compression reduces the number of bits stored or transmitted but allows complete reconstruction of the original data
- 3.3.1E - Lossy data compression can significantly reduce the number of bits stored or transmitted at the cost of being able to reconstruct only an approximation of the original data.
- 3.3.1F - Security and privacy concerns arise with data containing personal information.
- 3.3.1G - Data is stored in many formats depending on its characteristics (e.g., size and intended use)
- 3.3.1H - The choice of storage media affects both the methods and costs of manipulating the data it contains.
- 3.3.1I - Reading data and updating data have different storage requirements.
7.1 - Computing enhances communication, interaction, and cognition.
7.1.1 - Explain how computing innovations affect communication, interaction, and cognition. [P4]
- 7.1.1A - Email, short message service (SMS), and chat have fostered new ways to communicate and collaborate.
- 7.1.1B - Video conferencing and video chat have fostered new ways to communicate and collaborate.
- 7.1.1C - Social media continues to evolve and foster new ways to communicate.
- 7.1.1D - Cloud computing fosters new ways to communicate and collaborate.
- 7.1.1E - Widespread access to information facilitates the identification of problems, development of solutions, and dissemination of results.
- 7.1.1F - Public data provides widespread access and enables solutions to identified problems.
- 7.1.1G - Search trends are predictors.
- 7.1.1H - Social media, such as blogs and Twitter, have enhanced dissemination.
- 7.1.1I - Global Positioning System (GPS) and related technologies have changed how humans travel, navigate, and find information related to geolocation.
- 7.1.1J - Sensor networks facilitate new ways of interacting with the environment and with physical systems.
- 7.1.1K - Smart grids, smart buildings, and smart transportation are changing and facilitating human capabilities.
- 7.1.1L - Computing contributes to many assistive technologies that enhance human capabilities.
- 7.1.1M - The Internet and the Web have enhanced methods of and opportunities for communication and collaboration.
- 7.1.1N - The Internet and the Web have changed many areas, including ecommerce, health care, access to information and entertainment, and online learning.
- 7.1.1O - The Internet and the Web have impacted productivity, positively and negatively, in many areas.
7.2 - Computing enables innovation in nearly every field.
7.2.1 - Explain how computing has impacted innovations in other fields. [P1]
- 7.2.1A - Machine learning and data mining have enabled innovation in medicine, business, and science.
- 7.2.1B - Scientific computing has enabled innovation in science and business.
- 7.2.1C - Computing enables innovation by providing access to and sharing of information.
- 7.2.1D - Open access and Creative Commons have enabled broad access to digital information.
- 7.2.1E - Open and curated scientific databases have benefited scientific researchers.
- 7.2.1F - Moore's law has encouraged industries that use computers to effectively plan future research and development based on anticipated increases in computing power.
- 7.2.1G - Advances in computing as an enabling technology have generated and increased the creativity in other fields.
7.3 - Computing has a global affect -- both beneficial and harmful -- on people and society.
7.3.1 - Analyze the beneficial and harmful effects of computing. [P4]
- 7.3.1A - Innovations enabled by computing raise legal and ethical concerns.
- 7.3.1B - Commercial access to music and movie downloads and streaming raises legal and ethical concerns.
- 7.3.1C - Access to digital content via peer to peer networks raises legal and ethical concerns.
- 7.3.1D - Both authenticated and anonymous access to digital information raise legal and ethical concerns.
- 7.3.1E - Commercial and governmental censorship of digital information raise legal and ethical concerns.
- 7.3.1F - Open source and licensing of software and content raise legal and ethical concerns.
- 7.3.1G - Privacy and security concerns arise in the development and use of computational systems and artifacts.
- 7.3.1H - Aggregation of information, such as geolocation, cookies, and browsing history, raises privacy and security concerns.
- 7.3.1I - Anonymity in online interactions can be enabled through the use of online anonymity software and proxy servers.
- 7.3.1J - Technology enables the collection, use, and exploitation of information about, by, and for individuals, groups, and institutions.
- 7.3.1K - People can have instant access to vast amounts of information online; accessing this information can enable the collection of both individual and aggregate data that can be used and collected.
- 7.3.1L - Commercial and governmental curation of information may be exploited if privacy and other protections are ignored.
- 7.3.1M - Targeted advertising is used to help individuals, but it can be misused at both individual and aggregate levels.
- 7.3.1N - Widespread access to digitized information raises questions about intellectual property.
- 7.3.1O - Creation of digital audio, video, and textual content by combining existing content has been impacted by copyright concerns.
- 7.3.1P - The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) has been a benefit and a challenge in making copyrighted digital material widely available.
- 7.3.1Q - Open source and free software have practical, business, and ethical impacts on widespread access to programs, libraries, and code.
7.4 - Computing innovations influence and are influenced by the economic, social, and cultural contexts in which they are designed and used.
7.4.1 - Explain the connections between computing and economic, social, and cultural contexts. [P1]
- 7.4.1A - The innovation and impact of social media and online access is different in different countries and in different socioeconomic groups.
- 7.4.1B - Mobile, wireless, and networked computing have an impact on innovation throughout the world.
- 7.4.1C - The global distribution of computing resources raises issues of equity, access, and power.
- 7.4.1D - Groups and individuals are affected by the “digital divide†— differing access to computing and the Internet based on socioeconomic or geographic characteristics.
- 7.4.1E - Networks and infrastructure are supported by both commercial and governmental initiatives.
7.5 - An investigative process is aided by effective organization and selection of resources. Appropriate technologies and tools facilitate the accessing of information and enable the ability to evaluate the credibility of sources.
7.5.1 - Access, manage, and attribute information using effective strategies. [P1]
- 7.5.1A - Online databases and libraries catalog and house secondary and some primary resources
- 7.5.1B - Advanced search tools, Boolean logic, and key words can refine the search focus and/or limit search results based on a variety of factors (e.g., peer-review status, type of publication)
- 7.5.1C - Plagiarism is a serious offense that occurs when a person presents another's ideas or words as his or her own. Plagiarism may be avoided by accurately acknowledging sources. 7.5.2 Evaluate online and print sources for appropriateness and credibility [P5]
7.5.2 - Evaluate online and print sources for appropriateness and credibility [P5]
- 7.5.2A - Determining the credibility of a soruce requires considering and evaluating the reputation and credentials of the author(s), publisher(s), site owner(s), and/or sponsor(s).
- 7.5.2B - Information from a source is considered relevant when it supports an appropriate claim or the purpose of the investigation
CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)
IC - Impacts of Computing
- 3A-IC-24 - Evaluate the ways computing impacts personal, ethical, social, economic, and cultural practices.
- 3A-IC-26 - Demonstrate ways a given algorithm applies to problems across disciplines.
- 3A-IC-29 - Explain the privacy concerns related to the collection and generation of data through automated processes that may not be evident to users.
- 3B-IC-25 - Evaluate computational artifacts to maximize their beneficial effects and minimize harmful effects on society.
- 3B-IC-27 - Predict how computational innovations that have revolutionized aspects of our culture might evolve.