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Lesson 12: Making Decisions with Data

Overview

In this lesson students get practice making decisions with data based on some problems designed to be familiar to middle school students. Students work in groups discussing how they would use the data presented to make a decision before the class discusses their final choices. Not all questions have right answers and in some cases students can and should decide that they should collect more data. The lesson concludes with a discussion of how different people could draw different conclusions from the same data, or how collecting different data might have affected the decisions they made.

Purpose

Students begin exploring the data problem solving process in this lesson at the end, making decisions with data that has already been collected and interpreted. Students likely do not come into this course with a lot of experience making decisions based on data in this way. This lesson intends to contextualize this step of the process inside of decisions that may be familiar to their daily lives.

Making decisions with data is not a formulaic process. Different people might draw different conclusions with the same data. It's important that students ground their decisions in the data collected, but there's usually not a "right answer". This lesson is an opportunity to introduce the nuances of making decisions in a controlled and shared context before students go off to start collecting more information of their own.

Agenda

Warm Up (5 mins)

Activity (40 mins)

Wrap Up (10 mins)

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Objectives

Students will be able to:

  • Use tables and visualizations summarizing data to support a decision
  • Present and critique interpretations of tables and visualziations
  • Identify additional data that could be collected to improve a decision

Preparation

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Heads Up! Please make a copy of any documents you plan to share with students.

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Teaching Guide

Warm Up (5 mins)

Prompt: What decisions in your life are your already collecting data to help make? Are there any decision you think data could help you make better?

Discussion Goal

Goal: This should be a really quick opening conversation and it's entirely fine if students don't have any decisions they're currently making using data. You might point out a couple of examples (e.g. looking at weather to decide what to wear or review data about a product online) but it's fine to just use this to open the class and return to the question later.

Discuss: Students should brainstorm ideas silently before sharing either in small groups or just directly with the class. There's no need to explore this question in great detail since you'll be able to return to it at the end of the class.

Remarks

We make decisions every day but we're not always making decisions using data. Today we're going to start exploring the data problem solving process we learned about in the last class by skipping to the last step, making a decision.

Activity (40 mins)

Teaching Tip

Assign Roles: Have groups assign someone responsible for sharing out the results of their discussion before looking at each decision. Alternate roles between problems.

Activity Guide - Making Decisions with Data

Group: Students can complete this activity in groups of 3 or 4 so that they have partners to talk with. There's no need, however, for groups to come to shared decisions.

Distribute: Making Decisions with Data - Activity Guide, one copy to each student

Teaching Tip

Focus on the Data: Early on reinforce the importance of students referring to the data as the source of their decision. If students think there's reasons not represented by the data that they'd want to make their decision ask them if there's other data they'd want to collect. For example:

  • Data from the weekend
  • Data from more than just one week
  • Data about what people are posting about (here there's no way to tell)

Problem 1 - When to Post: Read the Define and Prepare sections of the problem as a class. Then give groups a chance to look at the data presented to them and reflect on the questions at the bottom of the activity guide. Students should reflect individually on their responses to each question, then discuss the decision they would make with the group. Once groups have had a chance to discuss they should record their decisions, even if they are different from one another.

Teaching Tip

Interpreting the Chart: The second and third problems have more complex tables of information that may be challenging for students to understand without some guidance. You may want to model how to read the charts in these two activities before asking students to use them for decision making. For example, ask students what a particular cell in a table means.

Where are my friends?: Students often react to problem 3 by saying they care about other data, like where their friends' lockers are. Don't be afraid to say that for now they need to decide with the data they have. One of the goals of the lesson is to reflect on how data shapes the way we make decisions.

Share: Have a member of each group share the results of their discussion.

Problem 2 - Making Meals: Have students repeat the process for this second problem. They should review the problem, make a personal decision without writing it, discuss with a group, record their final decision, and then be prepared to share out as a group.

Share: Again have groups share out how they would approach this decision.

Problem 3 - Locker Selection: Repeat the process a final time with this problem.

Share: Have students share the results of their conversation with the class.

Wrap Up (10 mins)

Prompt: Do two people need to make the same decision from the same data?

Discussion Goal

Goal: This is a fairly nuanced question masquerading as a simple yes / no. Ask students to reflect on moments in today's activities where they think the data was more open to interpretation (e.g. locker decisions) and when it might be more cut and dried (e.g. when to post). While the goal of this discussion is to highlight the fact that two people shouldn't need to come to same conclusion from the same data, follow-ups are necessary to make this conversation most effective.

Discuss: Have students share their responses

Prompt: For the problems we looked at today is there different data you would have wanted to collect to make your decision?

Discussion Goal

Goal: This conversation can look back at moments when students wanted more or different data to help make their decisions. For example you might want to know where your friend's lockers are before deciding which one you want. This discussion leads into the concluding remarks of the lesson.

Discuss: Have students share their responses

Remarks

We just looked at ways that data can help us to make a decision. We saw that different decisions might come from the same data. We also know that we're in the last step of the data problem solving process here. Depending on what data that we had collected we might have approached these decisions very differently. Going forward we're going to explore those earlier steps in more detail and look at how they affect our decisions.

Standards Alignment

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CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards (2017)

DA - Data & Analysis
  • 2-DA-08 - Collect data using computational tools and transform the data to make it more useful and reliable.